Border Collie Diet Tips

👋 Hey, Jei here! Welcome to a 🔒 subscriber-only edition 🔒 of the Border Collie Newsletter. Each week, I share expert tips, engaging stories, and essential advice to help you keep your Border Collie happy, healthy, and mentally stimulated.

Welcome to all the new Border Collie owners! This week, we’re discussing nutrition with Emma Rousseau, a local dog nutrition expert, who graciously answered my questions about the ideal diet for Border Collies.

In this issue:

• 🍀 Ideal diet essentials for Border Collies

• 🐾 Balancing meals with protein, healthy fats & complex carbs

• 🌟 Transitioning to quality, activity-specific nutrition

— Jei Meininger

But before we dive in, the Border Collie of the week is… Scout!

“Here’s my 10 m.o. Blue Merle Border Collie and her name is Scout. She is definitely a hybrid and she is best!” - Aurore F.

Q: I want to start off by asking you what does an ideal diet for a Border Collie look like?

Emma Rousseau: “Border Collies are incredible energetic dogs—high-drive, always moving, always thinking. Their diet really needs to support that level of activity. Ideally you’d want something protein-dominant—somewhere around 30 to 40% of their total calories coming from high-quality animal protein. That’s going to help with muscle repair, maintenance, and just keeping their energy levels stable throughout the day. Fats are also key, but not just any fats.

Healthy fats—around 15 to 20% of their diet—should come from sources rich in omega-3s, like fish-oil. That’s going to support joint health, which is huge for a breed that’s constantly running, jumping and turning on a dime. Plus omega-3s play a role in cognitive function, which is important because Border Collies are one of the most intelligent breeds out there.

Carbs? You want them in moderation—about 30 to 40%—but focus on complex, slow-digesting sources like sweet potatoes, brown rice and quinoa. These provide steady energy without spiking blood sugar, which is key for sustained performance. At the end of the day, the goal is a well-balanced diet that includes lean meats, healthy fats, and fiber-rich, complex carbs. And of course, hydration and portion control are just as important—especially if they’re highly active or working dogs.”

Q: How do the nutritional needs of a Border Collie differ from other breeds?

Emma Rousseau: “Border Collies have a faster metabolism and higher energy demands compared to the average pet dog. That’s why they more protein per kilogram of body weight to maintain muscle and recover from activity. Hydration is another key factor—Border Collies can be so focused on activity that they don’t always stop to drink enough. Their diet needs to support their performance, not just sustain them.”

Q: Should owners prioritize kibble, raw food, or homemade diets for their Border Collie?

Emma Rousseau: “It’s less about one specific type of diet and more about nutrient bioavailability—how well a dog can absorb and use the nutrients from its food. Kibble is convenient but can be carbohydrate-heavy, which might not be ideal for a high-energy breed like the Border Collie. Raw diets can be fantastic when properly balanced and handled safely, though they require careful management to avoid nutritional gaps or bacteria-related risks.

For many owners, a high-protein homemade diet that includes raw components (like muscle meat, organ meat, and fiber-rich vegetables) plus high-quality supplements offers excellent performance benefits. This approach helps ensure optimal muscle maintenance, energy, and gut health, while also allowing for customization to each dog’s specific needs.”

Q: How does a Border Collie’s activity level impact its dietary needs?

Emma Rousseau: “A Border Collie’s calories intake should should be adapted to its daily activity. A busy dog needs more calories, while a less active one thrives on a moderate intake that maintains a healthy weight.”

Q: What’s the best way to transition a Border Collie to a new diet?

Emma Rousseau: “Gradual change over 10-14 days is ideal. Start with around 25% of the new food mixed with 75% of the current food for three to four days. Then slowly increase the new food portion—50/50, then 75/25—until the transition is complete. Because sudden changes can upset digestion, adding a probiotic or a small amount of pumpkin puree can support gut health during the switch. Keep an eye out for digestive discomfort (loose stools, changes in energy), and slow down if needed.”

Q: How important is protein in a Border Collie’s diet? What are the best protein sources?

Emma Rousseau: “Protein is foundational for muscle maintenance, recovery, and overall health in Border Collies. It also supports cognitive function, which is vital for a breed known for its quick thinking. The best sources are high-quality animal proteins such as lean meats (chicken, turkey, beef), fish (especially beneficial for their omega-3s), and eggs. These options provide a complete amino acid profile that sustains muscle strength and consistent energy. Plant-based proteins can be included in small amounts, but they shouldn’t be the primary source because they often lack certain essential amino acids dogs need.”

Q: What role do fats play in their health, and what are the best sources of healthy fats?

Emma Rousseau: “Fats do more than provide energy; they also support brain function, joint health, and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). High-quality fats contribute to a healthier coat and skin, reducing dryness and irritation. The best sources of healthy fats include fish oils (rich in omega-3s for cognitive function and reduced inflammation) and grass-fed animal fats (offering a more balanced omega-6 to omega-3 ratio).

Small amounts of coconut oil can be helpful for its antimicrobial properties, while flaxseeds offer plant-based omega-3s. Avoid low-quality vegetable oils like soy or corn oil, as they may promote inflammation.”

Q: Are carbohydrates necessary for Border Collies, or should they be minimized?

Emma Rousseau: “Carbohydrates can play a valuable role, particularly for replenishing glycogen stores after exercise and aiding endurance. The emphasis should be on slow-digesting, nutrient-rich sources—sweet potatoes, pumpkin, quinoa—rather than high-glycemic fillers like corn or wheat.

These complex carbs offer steady energy without rapid blood sugar spikes, making them a better fit for sustained activity. While carbs aren’t the primary focus, the right type and amount can be beneficial for an active breed.”

Q: What ingredients should owners always avoid in dog food?

Emma Rousseau: “I recommend steering clear of low-quality fillers like corn, wheat, and soy, because they’re often harder for dogs to digest and can cause blood sugar spikes. It’s also best to avoid artificial preservatives—like BHA, BHT, and ethoxyquin—since studies have linked them to potential long-term health risks. Another red flag is rendered animal by-products, which typically consist of lower-grade proteins that aren’t as easily absorbed.

Look for clearly labeled, high-quality proteins instead. Be careful with too many starchy fillers, such as excessive amounts of potato, pea starch, or white rice, because they can lead to sudden blood sugar spikes, especially in active dogs that need steady energy. Finally, if you’re considering a grain-free formula, don’t assume it’s automatically healthier. Check the overall ingredient quality and taurine content. Poorly formulated grain-free diets can have negative effects on heart health.”

Q: How much water should a Border Collie drink per day?

Emma Rousseau: “A good guideline is around 50-70 ml of water per kilogram of body weight daily, though some experts cite up to 80 ml/kg. For very active dogs, you might increase that by 30-50% to compensate for fluid lost through panting and exertion. Adding natural electrolytes—like a splash of low-sodium bone broth to their water—can help maintain proper hydration and prevent muscle fatigue or cramping.”

Q: Are supplements like omega-3, glucosamine, or probiotics beneficial for Border Collies?

Emma Rousseau: “Absolutely. Supplements can play a key role in keeping a Border Collie in peak condition, given how much they rely on both their body and mind.”

Q: What’s your opinion on raw bones vs. synthetic chew alternatives for dental health?

Emma Rousseau: “Raw, non-weight-bearing bones (like soft beef ribs) can act like a natural toothbrush, scraping away plaque and offering essential minerals. Safety is crucial: never give cooked bones since they can splinter. Synthetic chews can be okay if they’re high-quality and free from artificial additives or harmful chemicals. Some are designed to mimic the benefits of raw bones, but many contain questionable ingredients.

If your Border Collie enjoys and tolerates raw bones safely, that’s often the best option—just supervise to prevent gulping or tooth damage.”

Q: What are the most common diet-related health issues in Border Collies?

Emma Rousseau: “Many Border Collies have sensitive stomachs, often aggravated by kibble filled with grains or low-quality fillers. Probiotics, balanced fiber, and easily digestible proteins can help. Also conditions like hip dysplasia and arthritis can develop over time, especially if the diet lacks sufficient omega-3s, glucosamine, and collagen, or if the dog becomes overweight and places extra stress on the joints.

A proactive approach—feeding high-quality, protein-rich meals, doing regular vet check-ups, and watching for any changes—goes a long way in preventing these issues.”

Q: How can diet impact joint health and prevent issues like hip dysplasia?

Emma Rousseau: “Chronic inflammation and excess weight are two major factors affecting joint health. A balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish oil, flax, or chia) helps reduce inflammation that strains the joints. Collagen and glucosamine—either through specific supplements or natural sources like bone broth—are the building blocks of healthy cartilage, supporting joint integrity. Weight management is equally crucial. Being even slightly overweight increases stress on the joints, accelerating wear and tear. By keeping a Border Collie lean with a high-quality, protein-centric diet, you can minimize joint risks and support long-term mobility.”

Q: How can nutrition support cognitive function, especially in aging Border Collies?

Emma Rousseau: “One of the big ones is antioxidants—things like blueberries, turmeric—because they help counter oxidative stress, which is a major contributor to cognitive decline. Just like in humans, oxidative damage accumulates over time, and these compounds essentially help protect brain cells and slow that process down. Another really interesting one is MCTs—medium-chain triglycerides, which come from sources like coconut oil.

What’s fascinating about MCTs is that they provide an alternative energy source for the brain. As dogs get older, their ability to use glucose efficiently can start to decline, and that can lead to lapses in cognition, lower energy levels, even changes in behavior. But MCTs bypass that issue by offering a more direct, easily accessible fuel for brain cells, which can really help keep an aging dog more alert and engaged.”

Q: What are the best foods to help maintain a healthy coat and skin?

Emma Rousseau: “A shiny coat and healthy skin start with balanced nutrition. Omega-3-rich foods reduce inflammation and shedding, while also giving the coat a sleek look. Eggs are excellent because they contain biotin, supporting strong fur and healthy skin.”

Q: How many meals per day should a Border Collie eat?

Emma Rousseau: “Meal frequency can hinge on activity level and metabolism. For regularly active dogs, three smaller meals a day can maintain steady energy, preventing fatigue or overindulgence later. For Border Collies with a lighter activity load, two meals a day usually suffice. Regardless of frequency, portion control and nutrient quality matter most. Split meals can also help with digestion, especially for dogs prone to gulping down food.”

Q: What are some signs that a dog food isn’t working for a Border Collie?

Emma Rousseau: “One of the biggest ones is energy levels—if a Border Collie is either bouncing off the walls non-stop or crashing hard, that’s usually a sign their food isn’t providing stable energy. A lot of times, that comes down to poor-quality carbohydrates or not enough protein.

Another big one is coat health. A healthy Border Collie should have a nice, shiny coat. If it starts looking dull, brittle, or if they’re shedding excessively, that can mean they’re missing essential fatty acids or other key nutrients. Then there’s digestion—if you’re noticing frequent loose stools, bloating, or a lot of gas, that’s usually a red flag. Some commercial dog foods are packed with fillers that are hard to digest, and that can really mess with their gut.”

Q: What’s the best way to manage portion sizes and prevent overfeeding?

Emma Rousseau: “Portion sizes should align with a dog’s activity level, not just its weight. Many food bags offer…

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